What is the Reference Process Architecture(TM) (RPA)?

One of the problems with many process models (e.g., SW-CMM, CMMI, ISO 9000) is that these models were designed and written with the proces model appraiser or auditor in mind, NOT on those who have to develop processes to support process or performance improvement.

For example, the CMMI® distinguishes risk management as a unique process area (RSKM). Yet managing risks is an integral part of how a project is managed. That is, most project managers don't think about identifying risks as a separate process from project planning. Therefore, it makes better sense to integrate risk management activities into the project management process than to create artificial distinctions between the two just because the model separates the practices this way.

A reference process therefore can be thought of as an interface between the process models being used and how a company or project might enact their processes naturally. The RPI reference process architecture is the form or framework describing those natural processes. Relevant information in the process model or standard (e.g., practices in the CMMI) is then mapped into this structure to create the associated reference process.

Furthermore, by using a common architecture for this structure, various process models and standards can be ‘overlaid,’ facilitating simultaneous gap analyses and an integrated improvement focus. This greatly improves the efficiency of modelling when using more than one model/standard or when transitioning from one model to another.

Currently, there are nine process components in the RPA.

Organizational Environment (OE)	Process Improvement (PI)	Quality Management (QM)
Training Program (TP)	Project Management (PM)	Product Engineering (PE)
Quality Assurance (QA)	Supplier Management (SM)	Configuration Management (CM)

These processes represent a more natural sequencing of activities performed within an organisation and its projects. The elements within each process are also defined using a simple visual process representation format.